Division Essay- First Draft

OUTLINE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thesis statement = the language, art, and education of İstanbul have been changed by many governments.           

Body paragraph 1

1.0.             Language is the altered property of Istanbul.

2.0.            During the Byzantine Empire, Greek was the official language in Istanbul.

3.0.            After the conquest of Istanbul, the official language has changed.

Body paragraph 2

1.0.            Another altered property of Istanbul is art.

2.0.            The Byzantine Empire was built churches.

3.0.            Ottoman Empire showed their art through the mosques.

Body paragraph 3

1.0.            Another altered property of Istanbul is education.

2.0.            During the Byzantine Empire, education was given in the monasteries.

3.0.            In Ottoman Empire, madrasas were established in order to educate people who are knowledgeable.

 

 

 

 

         

                                         The Altered Properties of Istanbul

             Every empire has added something new to a city and a lot of things have changed. In Istanbul, which was the capital of many governments, these changes can be clearly seen. The language, art, and education of İstanbul have been changed by many governments.

          Language is the altered property of Istanbul. Every empire uses their language because spoken language shows which empire is dominant. During the Byzantine Empire, Greek was the official language in Istanbul. After the conquest of Istanbul, the official language has changed. Ottoman Empire used their language which was Turkish. Within the borders of the Empire, there were communities belonging to different language groups. The Ottoman Turkish used in the palace, although the areas under the domination used other languages. Also, when the republic of Turkey was established, the government announced the official language Turkish.

       Another altered property of Istanbul is art. Generally, the Byzantine Empire was built churches. They showed their own art with the church. One of the most distinctive features of Byzantine architecture, the structure is in the form of giant domes. On the other hand, murals, mosaics, miniatures and decorative arts such as labor Byzantine ivory were very good. Byzantine mosaic art and the most beautiful examples of the wall ornamentation appear in Hagias Sophia, Kariye Camii, Tekfur Palace and the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna. After this empire, Ottoman Empire showed their art through the mosques. Great mosques were built many part of Istanbul. For example; Selimiye Mosque shows Ottoman Empire’s art.

        Another altered property of Istanbul is education. During the Byzantine Empire, education was given in the monasteries. Mostly boys were sent to school. Besides the religion courses, ancient Greek philosophy, language and literature, also mathematics courses were given. A lot of Byzantine donated big money or property to the monasteries. The monastery library was limited to mostly ritual books. Nevertheless, there was some great wide range of books in libraries. In Ottoman Empire, madrasas were established in order to educate people who are knowledgeable. The religious sciences were also offered positive sciences in madrasahs. Such as library buildings were located near madrasas.

           To sum up, each government adds something to the culture. The altered things aren’t only language, art and education. These changes can be observed in all areas of life. Every time, therearenot positive effects. There can be negative effects.